Internship Psychology and Intern Essay - 3268 Words

Psychology Internship Reaction Paper By Eric N. Self Liberty University Psyc-499 Abstract The following paper will be a reaction to the experiences within the Psychology Internship. Several topics will be covered to include behaviors that were observed as well as reasoning for said behaviors. This paper will also encompass what the overall benefit was to the intern and what, if any, changes could be made to the experience to allow a more well rounded experience. The intern involved in the Internship requirement will outline a number of topics that were covered that were highly instrumental to the overall experience and how such an experience has changed him and his overall view of the next step in his process. The intern will†¦show more content†¦This young lady was a product of a broken home, mother left approximately 12 years ago, leaving two children behind to be raised by their father. The children were never able to establish any real relationship with their mother as she lived in Northern Virginia and the children lived several hours south. The dynamics tha t were created by this scenario would ultimately cause this young girl to develop several very disturbing behaviors to include deceitfulness, manipulation, overt sexual behaviors, and an extreme desire to be accepted by the opposite sex. Add to this situation is the fact that her father is now incarcerated for molesting the eldest daughter who is now 20. The 15 year old in question was made aware of the relationship approximately 2 years ago and has been used as a pawn and somewhat of a confidant by both the victim and the father. The 15 year old girl now resides in her uncle’s (the intern) home with his wife and 3 other children. The path to where she is now has been very difficult for her; following her father’s arrest she was sent to her mother’s home along with her brother, while there, the negative behaviors created a very divisive atmosphere. The girl involved was never able to adapt to the new home with her mother and boyfriend, partly because of the mother’s physica l and emotional absence most of her life and the lack of positive parenting byShow MoreRelatedBecoming A Counselor, Therapist, Or Psychiatrist886 Words   |  4 Pages As a sophomore in college, I have a good idea what my current career goal is, related to my major in psychology, and how I think an internship will help me reach this goal. My overall career goal, or dream, is to combine my love and passion for music with my desire to help people. My major in psychology is how I plan on reaching my goal of helping people by possibly becoming a counselor, therapist, or psychiatrist. The main group of people I am interesting in helping are kids and teenagers withRead MoreInternship Assignment : Internship For Deaf Education Teachers795 Words   |  4 PagesDHH intern to submit a one-page summary including due dates of all the assignments required by the course, EDSP 5093: Internship for Deaf Education Teachers Part 1 (Fall 2016). The intern is also required to ask clarifying questions about Assignment 1 (or simply indicate â€Å"I have no questions,† otherwise) and to develop an assignment calendar, which will be completed and due with the internship summary at the end of the Fall Semester. Assignment 2, due on September 13th, requires the intern to reviewRead MoreMy Internship Pursuit Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesInitially when I was looking for an internship, my goal was to find one that complemented my double major in criminology criminal justice and psychology. During my search, I found some reputable organizations, but quickly discovered that they either required an extended training/orientation period or were not compatible with my schedule. Thus in finding the Urban Education Leaders Internship Program (UELIP) of the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS), which primarily focuses on an interestRead MoreInternship Reflection Paper : Psychological Associates1712 Words   |  7 PagesInternship Reflection Paper: Psychological Associates During the summer of 2015, I obtained an internship at Psychological Associates. I applied for the Organizational Development Intern position during winter break of 2014. After the assessment and interview process, I was given the opportunity to expand my knowledge in the field. Psychological Associates is located in the heart of Clayton, Missouri where I immediately fell in love with the culture and atmosphere of the company. No matter the organizationRead MoreQuestions On Ethical And Legal Issues929 Words   |  4 PagesChapter Summary 4: Ethical and Legal Issues Chapter four was very informative and explain a lot about the legal issues and rules that are placed in the psychology field. The text put in perspective the importance of ethical and legal issues and how interns should be aware of policies. It also talked about confidentiality and release of information. It is very imperative that a client’s information stays private for legal matters. Ethical and law codes were created so that clients can have securityRead MoreMy Experience At Wyomissing Home Depot Human Resources Department942 Words   |  4 PagesDuring this internship experience, I have learned many useful skills that have lead me to be the person I wan to be today. From college classes to work experience, I now have the ability to transcend upon internship experiences that can shape my perspective of life. For my last internship, I chose to intern at The Wyomissing Home Depot Human Resources Department. The human resources associates are responsible to maintain a pos itive work environment among employees. For the most part, human resourcesRead MoreDiscrimination Is A Part Of Life For Many People1577 Words   |  7 Pagespractice of psychology because diversity can increase understanding of multiple perspectives. A study by Lund, Andrews, Holt, (2014) explored the perceived discrimination experienced by graduate students and interns with disabilities in psychology. Disabilities are prevalent among both psychologists and graduate psychology students. Approximately six to eight percent of psychology internship applicants have at least one disability (Lund et al. 2014). Accommodations for psychology graduate studentsRead MoreField Supervisor Interview : Licensed Masters Of Social Worker, Kimberley Fleischer977 Words   |  4 PagesInterview Licensed Masters of Social Worker, Kimberley Fleischer, serves as a field supervisor for students obtaining a masters degree in the field of social work. She first attended Iowa State University and obtained her undergraduate degree in psychology. Later, she received her Masters in Social Work from the University of Kansas. She has worked in the field of social work for eleven years and has been with Richland County School District for nine years. Mrs. Fleischer currently serves two elementaryRead MoreInternship2802 Words   |  12 PagesGUIDELINES FOR WRITING THE REPORT OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES Revised February 2013 Master of Science in Counseling Psychology Frostburg State University Frostburg, Maryland 21532-1099 http://www.frostburg.edu/dept/psyc/graduate/intern.htm (click on Guidelines for Writing the Internship Activities Report) Guidelines For Writing the Report of Internship Activities 2 Table of Contents What You Should Know Before You Start Your Paper†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (including what is done withRead MoreCo Infection Of Hiv / Hbv Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pagespresented to the LHC by the intern (me). Other staff members like the community outreach director, who is my preceptor too, and executive director of the LHC will facilitate the materials and will guide the intern in the way that the project will be successfully incorporated into their strategic plan. This means that, the number of the participants including the intern (me) will be three (3). However, two of them are actively participating on the research project (the intern and the preceptor), whereas

Racial Discrimination A Multicultural Nation - 933 Words

During the last decade, the awareness of racial discrimination, in some extent, happening every day in North America has been aroused, which is called racial microaggression —â€Å"a brief and commonplace verbal, behavioural, or environmental indignities that communicate negative racial insults to people of colour† (Sue, Capodilupo, et al., 2007). This problem even hit Canada — a multicultural nation — and was widely discussed in Canada after a forced apology. In February 2014, a student, studied at McGill University, was obliged to apologize for an email involved in racial microaggression (Hamilton, 2014). Subsequently, McGill struggled with lots of complaints from its students, and the protest was so strong that hit the headlines (Boesveld, 2014). This incident questions me that why would a top university involve in racial microaggression after it had already been discussing for years, and what are the components of racial microaggression that make it ha rd to prevent. After research, it turns out that racial microaggression comprises microassault, microinsult and microinvalidation (Sue, Capodilupo, et al., 2007), which explains why microaggression is hard to avert. And this paper will provide some suggestion afterwards. Microassault, the least covert part of racial microaggression, targets directly on one’s ethnic background with clear purpose (Houshmand, Spanierman, Tafarodi, 2014). Within educational institutions, microassualts appear in exclusion, avoidance, ridicule,Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Language For Aboriginal People1286 Words   |  6 Pagesnegative opinion of a racial or ethnic minority are realized by an avoidance of joining any other racial and ethnic groups. †¢ Colour blindness racism is the indifference of racial characteristics in social cooperation. †¢ Cultural racism is defined as societal beliefs and customs that encourages the assumption that a specific culture, including the language and traditions of that culture are preferable to those of other cultures. †¢ Historical economic racism is discrimination caused by previous racismRead MoreRacism in the United States787 Words   |  3 Pagestheory, but a set of preconceived opinions they value the biological differences between humans, attributing superiority to some according to racial roots. Even in such ethnically diverse country as the United States, racism continues evident against people of different ethnic traits and skin color. According to Steinberg (Steinberg, 1995), racial discrimination has been the most important cause of inequality between whites and blacks in the U.S. Because of that, minorities in American society haveRead MoreThe United States As A Multiracial Society959 Words   |  4 Pagespeople have those same dreams, but their only way to fulfill those dreams is known as The United States of America. The United States is rapidly becoming a multiracial society, because of dramatic cultural changes such as jobs, immigration, and discrimination are affected. The United States provides people with jobs and opportunities that they could not even dream of accomplishing in their home country. As an immediate effect of this, many Americans are denied jobs or are underqualified, due to theRead MoreDoes Ethnic Diversity Portend the Disuniting of America? Essay example1213 Words   |  5 PagesDoes Ethnic Diversity Portend the Disuniting of America? Whether or not â€Å"The First Universal Nation† of Ben Wattenberg (Buchanan 466) fixes its meaning? Despite it is in law, not all people have the same point-of -view about it in practice. George M. Fredrickson’s â€Å"Models of American Ethnic Relations: A Historical Perspective† and Patrick J. Buchanan’s â€Å"Deconstructing America† essays are typical exemplars. Fredrickson and Buchanan are famous politicians. â€Å"Race in US† is one of popular topicsRead MoreImplementing Multicultural Education Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of multicultural education. One argument against multicultural education is the fear that the lack of a clear definition will essentially confuse teachers which will affect the classroom. Professor Ryan, a professor of education at Lasalle University states that â€Å"the term multicultural education is a slogan. It means different things to different people, and it assumes different purposes in differen t contexts† (Webster 14). His argument is that to minority students multicultural educationRead MoreFor The Past Two Decades, Canadian Population Is Increasingly1439 Words   |  6 Pages For the past two decades, Canadian population is increasingly diverse and multicultural by the huge wave of newcomers who will adopt and immerse different â€Å"cultural practices† in contributing to the national development (Parent Clydesdale, 2016). Canada is also one of the first countries in the world that has issued multicultural official policy since 1971. The concept of multiculturalism is referred to academic views about the equality and respect for variant cultures, religions, races and behavioursRead MoreRacial Discrimination in Canadas Workplace1620 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination in the workplace has been a persistent theme in Canada’s history as well as present-day times. The occurrence of actions and attitudes that impose a sense of one being less equal than another on the basis of one’s race in Canada’s workplace inhibits both our nation’s ability to move forward as well as strengthen unification within our country. The b elief in a more egalitarian society, where one’s race and ethnic background have little to no impact on employees (or potentialRead MoreThe History of Multicultural Education Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition especially with the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement. Although the term â€Å"multicultural education† had not come into play yet, the idea that the U.S needed to reexamine their efforts of educating diverse groups was emerging. During this time inequality especially among minority groups in comparison to the white dominant culture became a social issue (Banks 1999). Before the arrival of this reform multicultural education was displayed in the classroom as having minorities adapt to the predominantRead MoreMulticultural Vs. Pluralistic Theory Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesMulticultural theory There have been developing numbers of concepts and exploration in regards to race, ethnicity and gender which includes many theories exposing the knowledge of different ethos and the affects in today society. One theory to explore is the pluralistic or multicultural theory. Multicultural or Pluralistic theory is theory that interprets American culture to have many different sub-cultures that incorporates their values, beliefs and traditions and integrates them on to a biggerRead MoreRacial Segregation - Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesRacial Segregation Introduction The great nation of America is one of the most racially diverse countries in the world today. Practically all races in America can trace their roots from different parts of the country. From the African-American to the Korean- Americans, and the Hispanic to the Irish people, all these represent the different faces of American people. However, the co-existence of these different races has not been smooth sailing. They have experienced racial discrimination, mostly

At a moments thought we might say yes “ yes it is a caring society and yes I do love my neighbour Essay Example For Students

At a moments thought we might say yes â€Å" yes it is a caring society and yes I do love my neighbour Essay At a moments thought we might say yes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" yes it is a caring society and yes I do love my neighbour. Who does your neighbour include? It is very easy to love our respectable neighbours, but do we have the same capacity of love for our underprivileged and not so well off neighbours? Its a lovely idea to have all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics singing in a voice of equality. However the reality is very difficult to achieve. Some wise person once said, Toleration is the greatest gift of the mind. It requires the same effort of the brain as it takes to balance oneself on a bicycle. Perhaps if there was more toleration in our society it would be more caring. We live in a so-called Democratic Society. We are all created equally. We all have a heart and a brain. But because of some small difference, be it race, religion, sex, colour, moral values or a disability we are not all treated with care or love. Shakespeare once wrote: Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands organs dimensions senses affections passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is? If you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us do we not laugh? If you poison us do we not die? And if you wrong us do we not seek revenge? Very ancient words, forgotten all too soon. For a moment, take your self-aside. Substitute Jew with any one of the following words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"traveller, woman, Negro,disabled person, unemployed person, refugee, underachiever. Now you will get a clear picture of the Democratic Society in which we live. Let us think again à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" substitute Christian with your own name. Can we now say our society is caring and we all love our neighbour à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" no matter who he is or where hes from? If you can learn a simple trick youll get along better with all kinds of people. You never really know a person until you consider things from their point of view. Until you climb into their skin and walk around in it. Harper Lee penned those words nearly half a century ago. Once again ancient words, which have been forgotten, but could help improve our society immensely. We shouldnt have to climb into our neighbours skin to understand him. If we truly loved our neighbour we should be able to look beyond race, religion, sex, colour, moral values, and disability. Love in its purest form unites rich and poor, nobles and peasants, black men and white men, Catholics and Protestants. Love alone is capable of uniting human beings. Our neighbours do antagonise us at times until very often we can stand it no more. But when it comes down to the hard facts, our neighbours are all that we have. If we only see ourselves in this world its going to be a very lonely place. To help us to move towards a more caring society where we do love our neighbour we need the courage to be different and to stand firm in our beliefs. We must evaluate every man with a fair and unbiased conscience. After all, the one thing that does not abide by majority rule is a persons conscience. Perhaps when our love has reached its full capacity, Martin Luther Kings dream will become a reality. When we display our love for our neighbour in every village and hamlet, every state and every city then we can let freedom ring. We will be able to speed up the day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics can sit down at the table of brotherhood and be free to live in a caring society, where every man does love his neighbour.

Principles of Supporting Change in a Business Environment free essay sample

Change occurs frequently and rapidly in the workplace. Change in business has become the norm and businesses need to evolve to keep up with the demands of the modern world. Most of the people regard change as intimidating. It is often natural. It has great significance in business thus change does bring good for the business. So why does change happens? There are two main reasons for the changes in a business environment: 1. Reactive change- pressure to change (PEST) POLITICAL – it is when government changes policies, regulation, etc which business needs to adapt to stay within the new laws; international changes or conflicts force business to change; legislations whether they domestic or international or future; ECONOMIC- it is when domestic or international competitor’s behavior, trends or tax and interest rates change which forces the changes in the business; SOCIAL- it often happens when customers demands, buying preferences change, as well as when events, media views or advertising makes business Identify the main reasons for reviewing working methods, products and / or services in a business environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Supporting Change in a Business Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Once your business is established and running well, you may be inclined to let things continue to run as they are. However, its actually time to plan again. After the crucial early stages, you should regularly review your progress, identify how you can make the most of the market position youve established and decide where to take your business next. You will need to revisit and update your business plan with your new strategy in mind and make sure you introduce the developments youve noted. Reviewing your progress will be particularly useful if you feel: †¢ uncertain about how well the business is performing †¢ unsure if youre getting the most out of the business or making the most of market opportunities †¢ your business plan may be out of date, e. g. you havent updated it since you started trading †¢ your business is moving in a direction different to the one you had planned †¢ the business may be becoming unwieldy or unresponsive to market demands It is also useful if you have decided that your company is ready to move on to  another level. When a business is going through change: a) Describe the different types of support that people may need. Everyone is different that is way some people may find change as something stimulating and exciting making them perform better others may find it very hard and difficult to adapt. This is way this type of people need extra time and support to get use to change happening in the work place. Theory suggests that these people will go through what is called: Change Performance Curve: Shock – The initial reaction can sometimes be shock, this will automatically reduce the individuals performance as they will fear the unknown. Denial This is when the individual will stay focused in the past and the ‘way things used to be done’. The fear of the ‘new way’ may cause the individual to continue to complete their tasks the ‘old way’. Anger – Once the initial feelings have been dealt with denial slowly turns to anger. Depression Once the individual finally realises that the change is going to happen, they enter the depression stage The individual accepts that the change is happening. Integration But there are different types of support that can help people during change. These include: †¢ Effective planning ( plan the change an inform people of the change) †¢ Participation ( let people be involved in the process) †¢ Training or retraining ( provide training so stuff if prepared for new tasks) †¢ Encouragement or other supportive behaviours ( provide support by encouraging not criticizing- good communication can really help people accept a change more quickly. Counselling or coaching b) Explain the benefits of working with others. As said above good communication can really help people accept a change more quickly. Working as a team can really help to adapt to change and helps people get through Change Performance Curve easier as they can help each other in dealing with new and more complex tasks. You will be able to help support your colleagues if they are finding something challenging and vice versa. It is important to remember that to support and work with colleagues effectively you will need to keep a positive outlook yourself. Understand how to respond to change in a business environment 1. In relation to your current business environment (or one that you are familiar with): a) Explain why you should respond positively to changes in working methods. When change occurs in a business it is important to see it as something positive. This will help to make the process a lot easier, even though the benefits may not be immediately obvious. If employees see change as a bad thing, they will soon become demotivated, which will affect The quality and efficiency of the business. While sometimes it may be difficult to accept change, employees need to be able to adapt to whatever they are presented with. Businesses need employees who have positive attitudes; they want people who say ‘I can do that’ not ‘I can’t do that’. A positive attitude can go a long way to help solve problems in difficult situations. b) Explain why you should respond positively to changes in products or services. Changes can be either expected or unexpected but nowadays change is a permanent phenomenon. I work in retail and I know that changes in this type of business is someting that cannot be forgotten or ignored. As an employee of one of the biggest beauty retailer in the UK I see almost everyday changes in the work place that take place to improve products and services we provide. I know it is very important to keep up with customers‘ demands and market innovations. It is very important to stay positive about this changes to make sure you do your best to help the business you work for improve and stay on top along other similar businesses. Staying positive also helps to secure you job position as employers want to have employees who are willing to adapt and are positive about their work and personal development. c) Identify ways of responding positively to change. Every employee seeks positive response to change from their employees. Ways of responding positively to change are: †¢ A willingness to learn(understanding the importance of learning new information for both current and future problem solving and decision making.

Code of Ethics for US Government Service

Code of Ethics for US Government Service   In general, rules of ethical conduct for persons serving the U.S. federal government are divided into two categories: elected members of Congress, and government employees. Note that in the context of ethical conduct, â€Å"employees† includes persons hired or appointed to work for the Legislative Branch or on the staffs of individual Senators or Representatives, as well as those executive branch employees appointed by the President of the United States. Active duty members of the U.S. military are covered by the codes of conduct for their specific branch of the military. Members of Congress The ethical conduct of the elected members of Congress is prescribed by either the House Ethics Manual or the Senate Ethics Manual, as created and revised by the House and Senate committees on ethics. Executive Branch Employees For the first 200 years of U.S. government, each agency maintained its own code of ethical conduct. But in 1989, the Presidents Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform recommended that individual agency standards of conduct be replaced with a single regulation applicable to all employees of the executive branch. In response, President George H.W. Bush signed Executive Order 12674 on April 12, 1989, setting out the following fourteen basic principles of ethical conduct for executive branch personnel: Public service is a public trust, requiring employees to place loyalty to the Constitution, the laws and ethical principles above private gain.Employees shall not hold financial interests that conflict with the conscientious performance of duty.Employees shall not engage in financial transactions using nonpublic Government information or allow the improper use of such information to further any private interest.An employee shall not, except as permitted ... solicit or accept any gift or other items of monetary value from any person or entity seeking official action from, doing business with, or conducting activities regulated by the employees agency, or whose interests may be substantially affected by the performance or nonperformance of the employees duties.Employees shall put forth honest effort in the performance of their duties.Employees shall not knowingly make unauthorized commitments or promises of any kind purporting to bind the Government.Employees shall not use public offic e for private gain. Employees shall act impartially and not give preferential treatment to any private organization or individual.Employees shall protect and conserve Federal property and shall not use it for other than authorized activities.Employees shall not engage in outside employment or activities, including seeking or negotiating for employment, that conflict with official Government duties and responsibilities.Employees shall disclose waste, fraud, abuse, and corruption to appropriate authorities.Employees shall satisfy in good faith their obligations as citizens, including all just financial obligations, especially those- such as Federal, State, or local taxes- that are imposed by law.Employees shall adhere to all laws and regulations that provide equal opportunity for all Americans regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or handicap.Employees shall endeavor to avoid any actions creating the appearance that they are violating the law or the ethical standards set forth in this part. Whether particular circumstances create an appearance that the law or these standards have been violated shall be determined from the perspective of a reasonable person with knowledge of the relevant facts. The federal regulation enforcing these 14 rules of conduct (as amended) is now codified and fully explained in the Code of Federal Regulations at 5 C.F.R. Part 2635. Part 2635. Over the years since 1989, some agencies have created supplemental regulations that modify or supplement the 14 rules of conduct to better apply to the specific duties and responsibilities of their employees. Established by the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, the U.S. Office of Government Ethics provides overall leadership and oversight of the executive branch ethics program designed to prevent and resolve conflicts of interest. The Overarching Rules of Ethical Conduct In addition to the above 14 rules of conduct for executive branch employees, Congress, on June 27, 1980, unanimously passed a law establishing the followinggeneral Code of Ethics for Government Service. Signed by President Jimmy Carter on July 3, 1980, Public Law 96-303 requires that, â€Å"Any person in Government service should:† Put loyalty to the highest moral principles and to country above loyalty to persons, party, or Government department.Uphold the Constitution, laws, and regulations of the United States and of all governments therein and never be a party to their evasion.Give a full days labor for a full days pay; giving earnest effort and best thought to the performance of duties.Seek to find and employ more efficient and economical ways of getting tasks accomplished.Never discriminate unfairly by the dispensing of special favors or privileges to anyone, whether for remuneration or not; and never accept, for himself or herself or for family members, favors or benefits under circumstances which might be construed by reasonable persons as influencing the performance of governmental duties.Make no private promises of any kind binding upon the duties of the office, since a Government employee has no private word which can be binding on public duty.Engage in no business with the Government, either directl y or indirectly, which is inconsistent with the conscientious performance of governmental duties. Never use any information gained confidentially in the performance of governmental duties as a means of making private profit.Expose corruption wherever discovered.Uphold these principles, ever conscious that public office is a public trust. Is There a Presidential Code of Ethics? While the elected members of Congress have chosen to adopt their own code of ethics, the President of the United States, as an elected rather than hired or appointed representatives of the people, is not subject to any specific statute or rule governing his or her ethical conduct. While they are subject to civil suit and criminal prosecution for violations of common laws, presidents are generally immune from punishment for conduct related to their official acts. In other words, presidents are generally free to lie or misrepresent facts, as long as they do not intentionally defame any specific person or persons in doing so. In fact, the only the only practical remedies to unethical conduct on the part of the president are the constant vigilance of a well-informed public, congressional oversight, and ultimately the threat of impeachment for â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors.†

Biography of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Biography of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-1995) was one of the giants of modern astronomy and astrophysics in the 20th Century. His work connected the study of physics to the structure and evolution of stars and helped astronomers understand how stars live and die. Without his forward-thinking research, astronomers might have labored far longer to comprehend the basic nature of stellar processes that govern how all stars radiate heat to space, age, and how the most massive ones ultimately die. Chandra, as he was known, was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theories that explain the structure and evolution of stars. The orbiting Chandra X-Ray Observatory is also named in his honor. Early Life Chandra was born in Lahore, India on October 19th, 1910. At the time, India was still part of the British Empire. His father was a government service officer and his mother raised the family and spent much time translating literature into the Tamil language. Chandra was the third oldest of ten children and was educated at home until the age of twelve. After attending high school in Madras (where the family moved), he attended Presidency College, where he received his bachelors degree in physics. His honors standing afforded him a scholarship for graduate school to Cambridge in England, where he studied under such luminaries as P.A.M. Dirac. He also studied physics in Copenhagen during his graduate career. Chandrasekhar was awarded a Ph.D. from Cambridge in 1933 and was elected to a fellowship at Trinity College, working under astronomers Sir Arthur Eddington and E.A. Milne.   Development of Stellar Theory Chandra developed much of his early idea about stellar theory while he was on his way to begin graduate school. He was fascinated with mathematics as well as physics, and immediately saw a way to model some important stellar characteristics using math. At the age of 19, onboard a sailing ship from India to England, he began thinking about what would happen if ​Einsteins theory of relativity could be applied to explain the processes at work inside stars and how they affect their evolution. He worked out calculations that showed how a star much more massive than the Sun would not simply burn up its fuel and cool, as astronomers of the time assumed. Instead, he used to physics to show that a very massive stellar object would actually collapse to a tiny dense point- the singularity of a black hole. In addition, he worked out whats called the Chandrasekhar Limit, which says that a star with a mass 1.4 times that of the Sun will almost certainly end its life in a supernova explosion . Stars many times this mass will collapse at the ends of their lives to form black holes. Anything less than that limit will stay a white dwarf forever. An Unexpected Rejection Chandras work was the first mathematical demonstration that such objects as black holes could form and exist and the first to explain how mass limits affected stellar structures. By all accounts, this was an amazing piece of mathematical and scientific detective work. However, when Chandra arrived at Cambridge, his ideas were soundly rejected by Eddington and others. Some have suggested that endemic racism played a role in the way Chandra was treated by the better-known and apparently egotistical older man, who had somewhat contradictory ideas about the structure of stars. It took many years before Chandras theoretical work was accepted, and he actually had to leave England for the more accepting intellectual climate of the United States. Several times after that, he mentioned the overt racism he faced as a motivation for moving forward in a new country where his research could be accepted regardless of his skin color. Eventually, Eddington and Chandra parted cordially, despite the o lder mans previous disdainful treatment. Chandras Life in America Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar arrived in the U.S. at the invitation of the University of Chicago and took up a research and teaching post there that he held for the rest of his life. He plunged into studies of a subject called radiative transfer, which explains how radiation moves through matter such as the layers of a star such as the Sun). He then worked on extending his work on massive stars. Nearly forty years after he first proposed his ideas about white dwarfs (the massive remains of collapsed stars) black holes and the Chandrasekhar Limit, his work was finally widely accepted by astronomers. He went on to win the Dannie Heineman prize for his work in 1974, followed by the Nobel Prize in 1983. Chandras Contributions to Astronomy Upon his arrival in the United States in 1937, Chandra worked at the nearby Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin. He eventually joined NASAs Laboratory for Astrophysics and Space Research (LASR) at the University, where he mentored a number of graduate students. He also pursued his research into such varied areas as stellar evolution, followed by a deep dive into stellar dynamics, ideas about Brownian motion (the random motion of particles in a fluid), radiative transfer (the transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation), quantum theory, all the way to studies of black holes and gravitational waves late in his career. During World War II, Chandra worked for the Ballistic Research Laboratory in Maryland, where he was also invited to join the Manhattan Project by Robert Oppenheimer. His security clearance took too long to process, and he was never involved with that work. Later in his career, Chandra edited one of the most prestigious journals in astronomy, the Astrophysical Journal. He never worked at another university, preferring to stay at the University of Chicago, where he was Morton D. Hull Distinguished Professor in astronomy and astrophysics. He retained emeritus status in 1985 after his retirement. He also created a translation of Sir Isaac Newtons book Principia that he hoped would appeal to regular readers. The work, Newtons Principia for the Common Reader,  was published just before his death.   Personal Life Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was married to Lalitha Doraiswamy in 1936. The couple met during their undergraduate years in Madras. He was the nephew of the great Indian physicist C.V. Raman (who developed the theories of light scattering in a medium that carry his name). After emigrating to the United States, Chandra and his wife became citizens in 1953. Chandra wasnt just a world leader in astronomy and astrophysics; he was also devoted to literature and the arts. In particular, he was an ardent student of western classical music. He often lectured on the relationship between the arts and the sciences and in 1987, compiled his lectures into a book called Truth and Beauty: the Aesthetics and Motivations in Science,  focused on the confluence of the two topics. Chandra died in 1995 in Chicago after suffering a heart attack. Upon his death, he was saluted by astronomers around the world, all of whom have used his work to further their understanding of the mechanics and evolution of stars in the universe. Accolades Over the course of his career, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar won many awards for his advancements in astronomy. In addition to those mentioned, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1944, was given the Bruce Medal in 1952, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Henry Draper Medal of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the Humboldt Prize. His Nobel Prize winnings were donated by his late widow to the University of Chicago to create a fellowship in his name.

New Treatment of Aortic Stenosis by Transcatheter Aortic Valve Research Paper

New Treatment of Aortic Stenosis by Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation - Research Paper Example The most common of aortic stenosis undergo in patients 65 years of age and over (called senile calcific aortic stenosis) (Kulick, 2012). General symptom of aortic stenosis patients are exertional dyspnea (shorten fatigue), angina pectoris (chest pain), syncopy (fainting), and congestive heart failure. Every aortic stenosis patient will be investigated by multidisciplinary team; 2 interventional cardiologists, 1 cardiac surgeon, and an anaesthesiologist (Bedogni et al., 2011). In general, the treatment for aortic stenosis patients, who are not showing symptoms of the disease, is to take medicine while the severely symptomatic aortic stenosis patients must have surgical aortic valve replacement. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the new procedure for severe aortic stenosis treatment. The progression of this treatment makes it suitable for patients who are inoperable or very high risk with standard surgical aortic valve replacement. In addition, the procedure of TAVI is executed in a catheterization laboratory or hybrid operating room, under general anaesthesia and without cardiopulmonary bypass (Jean-Bernard et al., 2009). The procedure of TAVI is the device implant with two transcatheter aortic valves (the Edwards SAPIEN valve, ESV or the Medtronic Corevalve, MCV) with three approaches used (transfemoral, transaxillary, or transapical) (Godino et al., 2010). The transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was underwent with the first patient in 2002 (Rodes-Cabau, 2010). Furthermore, TAVI clearly achieved safety and efficacy of the percutaneous treatment in aortic stenosis towards the end of 2010 (success rates > 90% and 30 days procedural mortality rates < 10%) (Rodes-Cabau, 2010). The aim of this case study will be to capture the progression of transcatheter aortic valve implantation, for patients who are inoperable or with very high surgical risk in standard aortic valve replacement. Firstly, it will briefly review the cause of aortic stenos is, followed by an explanation of transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedure with two difference transcatheter aortic valves and three difference approaches. Finally, the major effective procedure of TAVI and future development of TAVI will be discussed. Impact of Aortic Stenosis Degenerative Aortic Stenosis is the most common valve disease, and its prevalence is projected to increase in the coming years due to aging populations. This has implications not only for those specializing in cardiovascular disease; Aortic Stenosis is increasingly diagnosed and treated by other medical specialties, including internal medicine, geriatrics and intensive care. This point to the increasing rang of the impacts that aortic Stenosis has been established to have. The Aorta, both ascending and descending, is responsible for the circulation of oxygenates blood throughout the body. It is no wonder that the partial or complete Stenosis of the Aorta would lead to varied conditions that can be de tected either in Intensive care Unit, when the patient is in a stupor, or by the gastric, as a result of ventral pooling of blood, caused by its stagnation in the veins, venules, and arterioles. This pooling is caused by the lack of, or limited pressure from the Aorta, to help in the circulation of